Cosmetic jar of Tutankhamun with lion on lid

This exquisite alabaster cosmetic jar, once used for unguents or perfumes, is a remarkable example of the refined craftsmanship of Tutankhamun’s era. Its most striking feature is the lid, adorned with a finely sculpted recumbent lion, its mouth agape with an ivory tongue protruding—an unusual and expressive detail.

Encircling the jar are intricate scenes depicting lions and dogs in pursuit of bulls and gazelles, their forms delicately incised and enhanced with red, green, and blue pigment. Two elegant columns with lotus capitals flank the vessel, supporting the head of the protective deity Bes. The jar itself is set upon crossed bars, terminating in the heads of Egypt’s traditional enemies, a motif symbolising dominance and protection.

Discovered within the Boy King’s tomb (KV62) in the Valley of the Kings, West Thebes, this piece dates from around 1332-1323 B.C.

The lid, carved from the same block of calcite as the vessel, features a swivel mechanism for access, secured by a cord wound around side-mounted knobs. The lion, rendered with remarkable attention to detail, is accentuated with blue pigment on its eyes, ears, nose, claws, eyebrows, and tail tip, while its ivory tongue is stained a subtle pink. It rests with its left paw placed over the right, conveying a sense of both vigilance and repose.

Oils and Perfumes in Ancient Egypt

Oils and perfumes played a vital role in Ancient Egyptian daily life, religion, and burial practices. Scented oils, often infused with myrrh, frankincense, and lotus, were used for personal adornment, skincare, and religious rituals. Perfumes were considered a mark of luxury and divinity, with pharaohs and nobility anointing themselves to signify status and purification. Unguent jars, such as those found in Tutankhamun’s tomb, highlight the artistry of Egyptian craftsmanship and the importance of fragrance in both life and the afterlife.